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During the COVID pandemic, the most broadly administered vaccines were of the mRNA platform. With recent health concerns tied to that platform, boosting with other vaccine types became of interest. In this study, participants were injected with the MVC vaccine as a booster in people previously vaccinated with Moderna. All participants had a robust immune response, both in antibodies and cellular immunity levels, that provided protection against Omicron.

In this phase III trial, a collaboration was made with Paraguayan health authorities to compare the MVC vaccine's immunogenicity against AstraZeneca's in different populations. Here, MVC presented superiority to AstraZeneca in generating neutralizing antibodies, all while having less adverse effects.

As months passed and newer variants emerged, the world needed booster shots to remain appropriately protected. In this phase II clinical study, the MVC vaccine was tested as a booster on people previously vaccinated with AstraZeneca. Anti-spike antibodies increased 14-fold and neutralization against Omicron variant was concurrenlty achieved.

Third party.

The strongest version of Omicron so far has been the BA.4 and BA.5 subvariant. In order to test better ways to protect against these, this pre-clinical study injected mice with a new vaccine formulation containing Omicron variants BA.1 or BA.4/5. Boosting with the bivalent Omicron formulations gave the highest neutralizing antibody generation.

Third party.

Following the success of the Beta variant vaccine pre-clinical hamster studies, this phase I trial tested two doses of Beta MVC vaccine as a booster on participants previously vaccinated with the original MVC vaccine. Adverse reactions were as mild as with the original, and the booster managed to significantly improve neutralizing antibodies against both Beta and Omicron variants.

The elder population remain in greatest danger of COVID-19 infection and mortality. In this phase II analysis, different doses of MVC vaccine were analyzed to determine the best choice for elderly with comorbidities. 

The Omicron variant was extremely effective at avoiding immune defenses, and new strategies had to be devised to stop its spread. Nasal immunity is the first line of protection against viruses, and in this pre-clinical study, the MVC vaccine was tested as an intranasal booster. Hamsters not only developed robust immunity against COVID-19, but also increased their viral clearance in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts.

Continuing the booster studies, this phase I clinical trial was performed to test the MVC vaccine as a booster on people already vaccinated with an MVC primary series. Not only were antibody levels brought up to 28 times higher than before the booster, but these lasted up to 6 months after.